The bottom nappe structure

In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin.[40] The bottom nappe structure

is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate.[41] The

Matterhorn is an example of the ongoing orogeny and shows evidence of great folding. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the

African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine

sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates.[31]