Constitution of India

India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India—the country’s supreme legal document. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which “majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law”. Federalism in India defines the power distribution between the union and the states. The Constitution of India, w

hich came into effect on 26 January 1950,[227] originally stated India to be a “sovereign, democratic republic;” this characterisation was amended in 1971 to “a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic”.[228] India’s form of government, traditionally described as “quasi-federal” with a strong centre and weak states,[229] has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political, economic, and social changes.[230][231]

National symbols[1]
Flag Tiranga (Tricolour)
Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital
Anthem Jana Gana Mana
Song “Vande Mataram”
Language None[8][9][10]
Currency ₹ (Indian rupee)
Calendar Saka
Animal
Bengal tiger
River dolphin
Indian peafowl
Flower Lotus
Fruit Mango
Tree Banyan
River Ganges
Game Not declared[232]
The Government of India comprises three branches:[233]

Executive: The President of India is the ceremonial head of state,[234] who is elected indirectly for a five-year term by an electoral college comprising members of national and state legislatures.[235][236] The Prime Minister of India is the head of government and exercises most executive power.[237] Appointed by the president,[238] the prime minister is by convention supported by the party