Nunavut

vNunavut (/ˈnʊnəvʌt/ (About this soundlisten) NUUN-ə-vut) (Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ) is the newest, largest, and northernmost territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act[9] and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act,[10] which provided this territory to the Inuit people for independent government. The boundaries had been drawn in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada’s political map since the province of Newfoundland was incorporated in 1949.

Nunavut comprises a major portion of Northern Canada and most of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Its vast territory makes it the fifth-largest country subdivision in the world, as well as North America’s second-largest (after Greenland). The capital Iqaluit (formerly Frobisher Bay), on Baffin Island in the east, was chosen by a capital plebiscite in 1995. Other major communities include the regional centres of Rankin Inlet and Cambridge Bay.

Nunavut also includes Ellesmere Island to the far north, as well as the eastern and southern portions of Victoria Island in the west, and all islands in Hudson, James and Ungava bays, including Akimiski Island far to the southeast of the rest of the territory. It is Canada’s only geo-political region that is not connected to the rest of North America by highway.[11]

Nunavut is the second least populous of Canada’s provinces and territories. Only Yukon has a lower population. One of the world’s most remote, sparsely settled regions, it has a population of 35,944,[1] made up mostly of Inuit people. They occupy a land area of just over 1,877,787 km2 (725,018 sq mi), or slightly smaller than Mexico (excluding water surface area). Nunavut is also home to the world’s northernmost permanently inhabited place, Alert.[12] Eureka, a weather station on Ellesmere Island, has the lowest average annual temperature of any Canadian weather station.[13]